• 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
• 1263 - The battle of Largs fought between Norwegians and Scots.
• 1535 - Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec.
• 1552 - Conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.
• 1780 - John André, British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War, is hanged as a spy by American forces.
• 1789 - George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.
• 1835 - The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• 1851 - The pasilalinic-sympathetic compass is demonstrated but proves to be a fake.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Saltville - Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.
• 1889 - In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.
• 1919 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
• 1924 - The Geneva Protocol is adopted as a means to strengthen the League of Nations.
• 1925 - John Logie Baird performers first test of the working television system.
• 1928 - The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, was founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.
• 1935 - Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
• 1937 - Samuel R. Caldwell becomes the first person in the United States to be arrested on a marijuana charge.
• 1938 - Tiberias massacre: Arabs murder 20 Jews.
• 1941 - World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.
• 1944 - World War II: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
• 1950 - Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz first published
• 1958 - Guinea declares itself independent from France.
• 1967 - Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.
• 1968 - A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City ends in the Tlatelolco massacre.
• 1970 - A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado killing 31 people.
• 1990 - A Chinese airline Boeing 737-247 is hijacked; after landing at Guangzhou, it crashes into two airliners on the ground, killing 132 people.
• 1992 - The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil.
• 1996 - The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by former U.S. President Bill Clinton.
• 1996 - An AeroPerú Boeing 757 crashes in Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru, killing 70.
• 2001 - The NATO backs US military strikes, following 9/11.
• 2002 - The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.
• 2004 - American Samoa joins the North American Numbering Plan.
• 2005 - Ethan Allen Boating Accident: The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in Upstate New York, killing twenty people.
• 2005 - NFL plays first regular season game outside United States when the Arizona Cardinals defeat the San Francisco 49ers 31-14 in Mexico City, Mexico
• 2006 - Five school girls are murdered by Charles Carl Roberts in a shooting at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania before Roberts commits suicide.
• 2007 - President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il.

Births